Engine drive systems

Technology and material changes

Many components and systems in the engine depend on the correct functioning of the timing and auxiliary drives. This is also driving the technology and design of these systems, so they can live up to the more demanding criteria required.

Timing drive system
The controlled operation of this system is dependent on either a chain or a belt. A general drive for design improvement for performance gain, coupled with the pressure to reduce emissions, have seen twin overhead cam, multi-valve engines become commonplace.

Manual timing belt tensioner (MTBT)

The original timing assembly process, when mounting onto the engine, was accomplished by manually setting the tensioner by rotating the tensioner unit and locking it permanently at the required tension. This meant that as the engine warmed up to ever higher temperatures, and new designs required different operating characteristics with higher performance, the fixed tension control from the manual BTU was not able to reach the desired performances for extended component life required by the designers.

Automatic timing belt tensioner (ATBT)
The ATBT promotes longer belt life, by better handling of the engine loads, and is less affected by running temperature variations after correct set up. This is why it has become the norm fitted to today's belt-driven engines. These tensioner units are made up of many functional sub-components that ensure the correct operation of the automatic tensioner

Key ATBT components:

1. Mounting eccentric: Provides smooth adjustment by rotation to facilitate correct set-up of initial tension.
2. Bushing: Self-lubricating, highly wear-resistant polyamide component. Primary source of damping. Also provides axial alignment and sliding surface.
3. Bearing: Maintenance-free and sealed for life. The component is specifically adapted for the relevant application.
4. Pulley: Metal or polyamide, depending on the application.
5. Hub: Transmits the torque of the spring to the pulley.
6. Spring: Designed to provide optimum belt tension control for engine running.
7. Pivot shaft/plate: Ensures proper placement and angular location on engine block.

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